Variant of the National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 Version 1.0 for Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

Variant of the National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 Version 1.0 for Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)
Usage
Additional information
Hierarchical structure

A2 - STEM - Engineering and Engineering Technology

STEM occupations in engineering and engineering technology, refer to occupations which generate advancements and create innovations through the application of knowledge and expertise from one or more fields of engineering and engineering technology, as a central function of the occupation.

20010 - Engineering managers

Engineering managers plan, organize, direct, control and evaluate the activities of an engineering department, service or firm. They are employed by a wide range of private sector and government establishments and by consulting engineering and scientific research companies.

  • Illustrative example(s)

    • director of engineering research and development
    • electrical engineering manager
    • engineering department manager
    • engineering manager
    • production engineering manager
    • telecommunications engineering service manager

    All examples

  • Exclusion(s)

    • Architecture and science managers (See 20011 Architecture and science managers)
    • Civil and mechanical engineers(2130)
    • Computer and information systems managers (See 20012 Computer and information systems managers)
    • Computer, software and Web designers and developers(2123)
    • Construction managers (See 70010 Construction managers)
    • Electrical, electronics and computer engineers(2131)
    • Managers in transportation (See 70020 Managers in transportation)
    • Manufacturing and processing engineers(2132)
    • Manufacturing managers (See 90010 Manufacturing managers)
    • Natural resources engineers(2133)
    • Other engineers(2139)
    • Utilities managers (See 90011 Utilities managers)

  • Main duties

    This group performs some or all of the following duties:

    • Plan, organize, direct, control and evaluate the activities and operations of an engineering department, service or firm
    • Develop and implement policies, standards and procedures for the engineering and technical work performed in the department, service, laboratory or firm
    • Consult and negotiate with clients to prepare specifications, explain proposals and present engineering reports and findings
    • Assign, coordinate and review the technical work of the department or project teams
    • Recruit personnel and oversee development and maintenance of staff competence in required areas
    • May participate directly in the design, development and inspection of technical projects or in the engineering work of the department.

  • Employment requirements

    • A bachelor's degree in engineering is usually required.
    • Extensive experience in an engineering discipline, including supervisory experience, is required.
    • Registration as a Professional Engineer (P. Eng.) by a provincial or territorial association of professional engineers is usually required.

  • Additional information

    • Mobility to other technical managerial positions, or to research or senior management positions is possible with experience.

21300 - Civil engineers

Civil engineers plan, design, develop and manage projects for the construction or repair of buildings, earth structures, powerhouses, roads, airports, railways, rapid transit facilities, bridges, tunnels, canals, dams, ports and coastal installations and systems related to highway and transportation services, water distribution and sanitation. Civil engineers may also specialize in foundation analysis, building and structural inspection, surveying, geomatics and municipal planning. They are employed by engineering consulting companies, in all levels of government, by construction firms and in many other industries, or they may be self-employed.

  • Illustrative example(s)

    • bridge engineer
    • civil engineer
    • construction engineer
    • construction project engineer
    • environmental engineer
    • geodetic engineer
    • geomatics engineer
    • highway engineer
    • hydraulics engineer
    • municipal engineer
    • public works engineer
    • sanitation engineer
    • structural engineer
    • surveying engineer
    • traffic engineer
    • transportation engineer
    • water management engineer

    All examples

  • Inclusion(s)

    • spatial information systems engineer

  • Exclusion(s)

    • Construction managers (See 70010 Construction managers)
    • Engineering managers (See 20010 Engineering managers)
    • Environmental chemical engineer (See 21320 Chemical engineers)
    • Geological engineers (See 21331 Geological engineers)
    • Managers in transportation (See 70020 Managers in transportation)

  • Main duties

    This group performs some or all of the following duties:

    • Confer with clients and other members of the engineering team and conduct research to determine project requirements
    • Plan and design major civil projects such as buildings, roads, bridges, dams, water and waste management systems and structural steel fabrications
    • Develop construction specifications and procedures
    • Evaluate and recommend appropriate building and construction materials
    • Interpret, review and approve survey and civil design work
    • Conduct field services for civil works
    • Ensure construction plans meet guidelines and specifications of building codes and other regulations
    • Establish and monitor construction work schedules
    • Conduct feasibility studies, economic analyses, municipal and regional traffic studies, environmental impact studies or other investigations
    • Monitor air, water and soil quality and develop procedures to clean up contaminated sites
    • Conduct technical analyses of survey and field data for development of topographic, soil, hydrological or other information and prepare reports
    • Act as project or site supervisor for land survey or construction work
    • Prepare contract documents and review and evaluate tenders for construction projects
    • Supervise technicians, technologists and other engineers and review and approve designs, calculations and cost estimates.

  • Employment requirements

    • A bachelor's degree in civil engineering or in a related engineering discipline is required.
    • A master's degree or doctorate in a related engineering discipline may be required.
    • Licensing by a provincial or territorial association of professional engineers is required to approve engineering drawings and reports and to practise as a Professional Engineer (P.Eng.).
    • Engineers are eligible for registration following graduation from an accredited educational program, and after three or four years of supervised work experience in engineering and passing a professional practice examination.
    • Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification is offered by the Canada Green Building Council and may be required by some employers.

  • Additional information

    • There is considerable mobility between civil engineering specializations at the less senior levels.
    • Supervisory and senior positions in this unit group require experience.
    • Engineers often work in a multidisciplinary environment and acquire knowledge and skills through work experience that may allow them to practise in associated areas of science, engineering, sales, marketing or management.

21301 - Mechanical engineers

Mechanical engineers research, design and develop machinery and systems for heating, ventilating and air conditioning, power generation, transportation, processing and manufacturing. They also perform duties related to the evaluation, installation, operation and maintenance of mechanical systems. They are employed by consulting firms, by power-generating utilities and in a wide range of manufacturing, processing and transportation industries, or they may be self-employed.

  • Illustrative example(s)

    • acoustics engineer
    • automotive engineer
    • design engineer - mechanical
    • energy conservation engineer
    • fluid mechanics engineer
    • heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) engineer
    • mechanical engineer
    • mechanical maintenance engineer
    • nuclear engineer
    • piping engineer
    • power generation engineer
    • refrigeration engineer
    • robotics engineer
    • thermal design engineer
    • tool engineer

    All examples

  • Exclusion(s)

    • Engineering managers (See 20010 Engineering managers)
    • Industrial and manufacturing engineers (See 21321 Industrial and manufacturing engineers)
    • Metallurgical and materials engineers (See 21322 Metallurgical and materials engineers)
    • Power engineer (See 92100 Power engineers and power systems operators)
    • Stationary engineer (See 92100 Power engineers and power systems operators)

  • Main duties

    This group performs some or all of the following duties:

    • Conduct research into the feasibility, design, operation and performance of mechanisms, components and systems
    • Plan and manage projects, and prepare material, cost and timing estimates, reports and design specifications for machinery and systems
    • Design power plants, machines, components, tools, fixtures and equipment
    • Analyze dynamics and vibrations of mechanical systems and structures
    • Supervise and inspect the installation, modification and commissioning of mechanical systems at construction sites or in industrial facilities
    • Develop maintenance standards, schedules and programs and provide guidance to industrial maintenance crews
    • Investigate mechanical failures or unexpected maintenance problems
    • Prepare contract documents and evaluate tenders for industrial construction or maintenance
    • Supervise technicians, technologists and other engineers and review and approve designs, calculations and cost estimates.

  • Employment requirements

    • A bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering or in a related engineering discipline is required.
    • A master's degree or doctorate in a related engineering discipline may be required.
    • Licensing by a provincial or territorial association of professional engineers is required to approve engineering drawings and reports and to practise as a Professional Engineer (P.Eng.).
    • Engineers are eligible for registration following graduation from an accredited educational program, and after three or four years of supervised work experience in engineering and passing a professional practice examination.

  • Additional information

    • There is considerable mobility between mechanical engineering specializations at the less senior levels.
    • Supervisory and senior positions in this unit group require experience.
    • Mechanical engineers work closely with civil, electrical, aerospace, chemical, industrial and other engineers, and mobility is possible between some fields of specialization in these disciplines.
    • Engineers often work in a multidisciplinary environment and acquire knowledge and skills through work experience that may allow them to practise in associated areas of science, engineering, sales, marketing or management.

21310 - Electrical and electronics engineers

Electrical and electronics engineers design, plan, research, evaluate and test electrical and electronic equipment and systems. They are employed by electrical utilities, communications companies, manufacturers of electrical and electronic equipment, consulting firms, and by a wide range of manufacturing, processing and transportation industries and government.

  • Illustrative example(s)

    • avionics engineer
    • control systems engineer
    • electrical design engineer
    • electrical distribution planning engineer
    • electrical engineer
    • electrical network engineer
    • electrical process control engineer
    • electrical systems planning engineer
    • electronics engineer
    • electronics test engineer
    • instrumentation and control engineer
    • roadway lighting design engineer
    • television systems engineer

    All examples

  • Exclusion(s)

    • Computer and information systems managers (See 20012 Computer and information systems managers)
    • Computer engineers (except software engineers and designers) (See 21311 Computer engineers (except software engineers and designers))
    • Electrical and electronics engineering technologists and technicians (See 22310 Electrical and electronics engineering technologists and technicians)
    • Engineering managers (See 20010 Engineering managers)
    • Software engineers and designers (See 21231 Software engineers and designers)

  • Main duties

    This group performs some or all of the following duties:

    • Conduct research into the feasibility, design, operation and performance of electrical generation and distribution networks, electrical machinery and components and electronic communications, instrumentation and control systems, equipment, and components
    • Prepare material cost and timing estimates, reports and design specifications for electrical and electronic systems and equipment
    • Design electrical and electronic circuits, components, systems and equipment
    • Conduct micro or nanodevices simulations, characterization, process modeling and integration in the development of new electronic devices and products
    • Supervise and inspect the installation, modification, testing and operation of electrical and electronic systems and equipment
    • Develop maintenance and operating standards for electrical and electronic systems and equipment
    • Investigate electrical or electronic failures
    • Prepare contract documents and evaluate tenders for construction or maintenance
    • Supervise technicians, technologists, programmers, analysts and other engineers.

    Electrical and electronics engineers may specialize in a number of areas including electrical design for residential, commercial or industrial installations, electrical power generation and transmission, and instrumentation and control systems.

  • Employment requirements

    • A bachelor's degree in electrical or electronics engineering or in an appropriate related engineering discipline is required.
    • A master's or doctoral degree in a related engineering discipline may be required.
    • Licensing by a provincial or territorial association of professional engineers is required to approve engineering drawings and reports and to practise as a Professional Engineer (P.Eng.).
    • Engineers are eligible for registration following graduation from an accredited educational program, and after three or four years of supervised work experience in engineering and passing a professional practice examination.
    • Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification is offered by the Canada Green Building Council and may be required by some employers.

  • Additional information

    • Supervisory and senior positions in this unit group require experience.
    • Engineers often work in a multidisciplinary environment and acquire knowledge and skills through work experience that may allow them to practise in associated areas of science, engineering, sales, marketing or management.

21311 - Computer engineers (except software engineers and designers)

Computer engineers (except software engineers and designers) research, plan, design, develop, modify, evaluate and integrate computer and telecommunications hardware and related equipment, and information and communication system networks including mainframe systems, local and wide area networks, fibre-optic networks, wireless communication networks, intranets, the Internet and other data communications systems. They are employed by computer and telecommunication hardware manufacturers, by engineering, manufacturing and telecommunications firms, in information technology consulting firms, by governmental, educational and research institutions and in information technology units throughout the private and public sectors.

  • Illustrative example(s)

    • computer hardware engineer
    • fibre-optic network designer
    • hardware circuit board designer
    • hardware development engineer
    • hardware technical architect
    • network test engineer
    • systems designer - hardware
    • telecommunications hardware engineer
    • wireless communications network engineer

    All examples

  • Exclusion(s)

    • Business systems specialists (See 21221 Business systems specialists)
    • Computer and information systems managers (See 20012 Computer and information systems managers)
    • Computer systems developers and programmers (See 21230 Computer systems developers and programmers)
    • Cybersecurity specialists (See 21220 Cybersecurity specialists)
    • Electrical and electronics engineering technologists and technicians (See 22310 Electrical and electronics engineering technologists and technicians)
    • Electrical and electronics engineers (See 21310 Electrical and electronics engineers)
    • Engineering managers (See 20010 Engineering managers)
    • Information systems specialists (See 21222 Information systems specialists)
    • Software developers and programmers (See 21232 Software developers and programmers)
    • Software engineers and designers (See 21231 Software engineers and designers)
    • Web designers (See 21233 Web designers)
    • Web developers and programmers (See 21234 Web developers and programmers)

  • Main duties

    This group performs some or all of the following duties:

    Computer and telecommunications hardware engineers

    • Analyze user requirements, and design and develop system architecture and specifications
    • Research, design, develop and integrate computer and telecommunications hardware such as microprocessors, integrated circuit boards and semiconductor lasers
    • Develop and conduct design verification simulations and prototype bench tests of components
    • Supervise, inspect and provide design support during the manufacturing, installation and implementation of computer and telecommunications hardware
    • Establish and maintain relationships with suppliers and clients
    • May lead and coordinate teams of engineers, technologists, technicians and drafters in the design and development of computer and telecommunications hardware.

    Network system and data communication engineers

    • Research, design and develop information and communication system network architecture
    • Research, evaluate and integrate network system and data communication hardware and software
    • Assess, document and optimize the capacity and performance of information and communication system networks
    • May lead and coordinate teams of design professionals in the development and integration of information and communication system architecture, hardware and software.

    Computer engineers may specialize in a number of areas including analog and digital signal processing, fibre optics, integrated circuits, lasers, microprocessors, microwaves and radio astronomy.

  • Employment requirements

    • Computer engineers require a bachelor's degree in computer engineering, electrical or electronics engineering, engineering physics or computer science.
    • A master's or doctoral degree in a related engineering discipline may be required.
    • Licensing by a provincial or territorial association of professional engineers is required to approve engineering drawings and reports and to practise as a Professional Engineer (P.Eng.).
    • Engineers are eligible for registration following graduation from an accredited educational program, three or four years of supervised work experience in engineering and passing a professional practice examination.

  • Additional information

    • Supervisory and senior positions in this unit group require experience.
    • Engineers often work in a multidisciplinary environment and acquire knowledge and skills through work experience that may allow them to practise in associated areas of science, engineering, sales, marketing or management.

21320 - Chemical engineers

Chemical engineers research, design, and develop chemical processes and equipment, oversee the operation and maintenance of industrial chemical, plastics, pharmaceutical, resource, pulp and paper, and food processing plants and perform duties related to chemical quality control, environmental protection and biochemical or biotechnical engineering. They are employed in a wide range of manufacturing and processing industries, consulting firms, government, research and educational institutions.

  • Illustrative example(s)

    • adhesives engineer
    • biochemical engineer
    • biotechnical engineer
    • chemical process control engineer
    • chemical process engineer
    • chemical project engineer
    • environmental chemical engineer
    • industrial hygiene engineer
    • industrial waste treatment engineer
    • liquid fuels engineer
    • petrochemical engineer
    • polymer engineer
    • pulp and paper engineer
    • refinery engineer
    • waste treatment engineer

    All examples

  • Inclusion(s)

    • pipeline transport engineer

  • Exclusion(s)

    • Agricultural engineer (See 21399 Other professional engineers)
    • Biomedical engineer (See 21399 Other professional engineers)
    • Chemists (See 21101 Chemists)
    • Civil environmental engineer (See 21300 Civil engineers)
    • Electrical process control engineer (See 21310 Electrical and electronics engineers)
    • Engineering managers (See 20010 Engineering managers)
    • Metallurgical and materials engineers (See 21322 Metallurgical and materials engineers)
    • Petroleum engineers (See 21332 Petroleum engineers)

  • Main duties

    This group performs some or all of the following duties:

    • Conduct economic and technical feasibility studies in areas related to chemical, petroleum, pulp and paper, food or other processing industries
    • Conduct research into the development or improvement of chemical engineering processes, reactions and materials
    • Evaluate chemical process technology and equipment and determine production specifications
    • Design and test chemical processing and associated plants and equipment
    • Oversee the construction, modification, operation and maintenance of pilot plants, processing units or processing plants
    • Establish and conduct quality control programs, operating procedures and control strategies to ensure consistency and adherence to standards for raw materials, products and waste products or emissions
    • Prepare contract documents and evaluate tenders for the process aspects of industrial construction
    • Supervise technicians, technologists and other engineers
    • May work in an administrative capacity, for example, in the development of guidelines and specifications for the handling of dangerous chemicals, environmental protection, or standards for foods, materials and consumer goods.

    Chemical engineers may specialize in the products and processes of a particular industry such as pulp and paper manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, petroleum refining, energy processing, plastics, metal extraction and refining, or adhesives and coatings production. They may also specialize in functional areas of various industries such as process control, pollution control or fermentation processes.

  • Employment requirements

    • A bachelor's degree in chemical engineering or in a related engineering discipline is required.
    • A master's degree or doctorate in a related engineering discipline may be required.
    • Licensing by a provincial or territorial association of professional engineers is required to approve engineering drawings and reports and to practise as a Professional Engineer (P.Eng.).
    • Engineers are eligible for registration following graduation from an accredited educational program, and after three or four years of supervised work experience in engineering and passing a professional practice examination.

  • Additional information

    • There is considerable mobility between chemical engineering specializations at the less senior levels.
    • Supervisory and senior positions in this unit group require experience.
    • Engineers often work in a multidisciplinary environment and acquire knowledge and skills through work experience that may allow them to practise in associated areas of science, engineering, sales, marketing or management.
    • Chemical engineers work closely with chemists and other scientists and engineers and mobility is possible between some fields of specialization.

21321 - Industrial and manufacturing engineers

Industrial and manufacturing engineers conduct studies, and develop and supervise programs to achieve the best use of equipment, human resources, technology, materials and procedures to enhance efficiency and productivity. They are employed in consulting firms, manufacturing and processing companies, in government, financial, health care and other institutions, or they may be self-employed.

  • Illustrative example(s)

    • computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) engineer
    • fire prevention engineer
    • industrial engineer
    • manufacturing engineer
    • plant engineer
    • production engineer
    • quality control engineer
    • safety engineer
    • work measurement engineer

    All examples

  • Exclusion(s)

    • Computer engineers (except software engineers and designers) (See 21311 Computer engineers (except software engineers and designers))
    • Engineering managers (See 20010 Engineering managers)
    • Mechanical engineers (See 21301 Mechanical engineers)
    • Metallurgical and materials engineers (See 21322 Metallurgical and materials engineers)
    • Organizational analyst (See 11201 Professional occupations in business management consulting)

  • Main duties

    This group performs some or all of the following duties:

    • Plan and design plant layouts and facilities
    • Study new machinery and facilities and recommend or select efficient combinations
    • Develop flexible or integrated manufacturing systems and procedures
    • Conduct studies and implement programs to determine optimum inventory levels for production and to allow optimum utilization of machinery, materials and resources
    • Analyze costs of production
    • Design, develop and conduct time studies and work simplification programs
    • Determine human resource and skill requirements and develop training programs
    • Develop performance standards, evaluation systems and wage and incentive programs
    • Conduct studies of the reliability and performance of plant facilities and production or administrative systems
    • Develop maintenance standards, schedules and programs
    • Establish programs and conduct studies to enhance industrial health and safety or to identify and correct fire and other hazards
    • Evaluate or assess industrial facilities
    • Supervise technicians, technologists, analysts, administrative staff and other engineers.

  • Employment requirements

    • A bachelor's degree in industrial engineering or in a related engineering discipline is required.
    • A master's degree or doctorate in a related engineering discipline may be required.
    • Licensing by a provincial or territorial association of professional engineers is required to approve engineering drawings and reports and to practise as a Professional Engineer (P.Eng.).
    • Engineers are eligible for registration following graduation from an accredited educational program, and after three or four years of supervised work experience in engineering and passing a professional practice examination.

  • Additional information

    • Industrial engineers develop and implement organizational and management systems, and manufacturing engineers design production processes.
    • There is considerable mobility between industrial engineering specializations at the less senior levels.
    • Supervisory and senior positions in this unit group require experience.
    • Engineers often work in a multidisciplinary environment and acquire knowledge and skills through work experience that may allow them to practise in associated areas of science, engineering, sales, marketing or management.

21322 - Metallurgical and materials engineers

Metallurgical and materials engineers conduct studies of the properties and characteristics of metals and other non-metallic materials and plan, design and develop machinery and processes to concentrate, extract, refine and process metals, alloys and other materials such as ceramics, semiconductors and composite materials. They are employed in consulting engineering firms, mining, metal processing and manufacturing companies, and in government, research and educational institutions.

  • Illustrative example(s)

    • ceramics engineer
    • corrosion engineer
    • electrometallurgical engineer
    • foundry engineer
    • hydrometallurgical engineer
    • materials engineer
    • metallurgical engineer
    • physical metallurgical engineer
    • pyrometallurgical engineer
    • welding engineer

    All examples

  • Exclusion(s)

    • Chemical engineers (See 21320 Chemical engineers)
    • Chemists (See 21101 Chemists)
    • Engineering managers (See 20010 Engineering managers)
    • Materials scientist (See 21109 Other professional occupations in physical sciences)
    • Mining engineers (See 21330 Mining engineers)
    • Physical metallurgist (See 21109 Other professional occupations in physical sciences)

  • Main duties

    This group performs some or all of the following duties:

    • Conduct studies and design, develop and specify the processes, and machinery to concentrate, extract, refine and process metals from ores
    • Conduct studies on the properties and characteristics of materials and design, develop and specify processes for moulding, shaping, forming and thermal treatment of metals, alloys and metallic systems, ceramics, semiconducting and other materials
    • Conduct chemical and physical analytical studies, failure analyses and other studies and recommend material selection, design of materials, corrosion control measures, operational testing and other procedures
    • Coordinate production testing and control of metal refining, smelting or foundry operations or non-metallic materials production operations
    • Supervise technologists, technicians and other engineers and scientists.

  • Employment requirements

    • A bachelor's degree in metallurgical, materials, ceramic or chemical engineering or in a related engineering discipline is required.
    • A master's degree or doctorate in a related engineering discipline may be required.
    • Licensing by a provincial or territorial association of professional engineers is required to approve engineering drawings and reports and to practise as a Professional Engineer (P.Eng.).
    • Engineers are eligible for registration following graduation from an accredited educational program, and after three or four years of supervised work experience in engineering and passing a professional practice examination.

  • Additional information

    • Metallurgical engineers research and develop new alloys and systems for extracting metal from ores; materials engineers research and develop new non-metallic materials with physical characteristics to meet specific requirements.
    • There is considerable mobility between engineering specializations at the less senior levels.
    • Supervisory and senior positions in this unit group require experience.
    • Metallurgical and materials engineers work closely with other engineers and scientists and mobility is possible between some fields of specialization.
    • Engineers often work in a multidisciplinary environment and acquire knowledge and skills through work experience that may allow them to practise in associated areas of science, engineering, sales, marketing or management.

21330 - Mining engineers

Mining engineers plan, design, organize and supervise the development of mines, mine facilities, systems and equipment; and prepare and supervise the extraction of metallic or non-metallic minerals and ores from underground or surface mines. They are employed by mining companies, consulting engineering companies, manufacturers, government and in educational and research institutions.

  • Illustrative example(s)

    • mine design engineer
    • mine development engineer
    • mine layout engineer
    • mine production engineer
    • mine safety engineer
    • mine ventilation engineer
    • mineral engineer
    • mining engineer

    All examples

  • Exclusion(s)

    • Engineering managers (See 20010 Engineering managers)
    • Geological engineers (See 21331 Geological engineers)
    • Geoscientists and oceanographers (See 21102 Geoscientists and oceanographers)
    • Metallurgical and materials engineers (See 21322 Metallurgical and materials engineers)
    • Mine manager (See 80010 Managers in natural resources production and fishing)
    • Petroleum engineers (See 21332 Petroleum engineers)

  • Main duties

    This group performs some or all of the following duties:

    • Conduct preliminary surveys and studies of ore, mineral or coal deposits to assess the economic and environmental feasibility of potential mining operations
    • Determine the appropriate means of safely and efficiently mining deposits
    • Determine and advise on appropriate drilling and blasting methods for mining, construction or demolition
    • Design shafts, ventilation systems, mine services, haulage systems and supporting structures
    • Design, develop and implement computer applications such as for mine design, mine modelling, mapping or for monitoring mine conditions
    • Plan and design or select mining equipment and machinery and mineral treatment machinery and equipment in collaboration with other engineering specialists
    • Plan, organize and supervise the development of mines and mine structures and the operation and maintenance of mines
    • Prepare operations and project estimates, schedules and reports
    • Implement and coordinate mine safety programs
    • Supervise and co-ordinate the work of technicians, technologists, survey personnel, and other engineers and scientists.

  • Employment requirements

    • A bachelor's degree in mining engineering or in a related engineering discipline is required.
    • A master's degree or doctorate in a related engineering discipline may be required.
    • Licensing by a provincial or territorial association of professional engineers is required to approve engineering drawings and reports and to practise as a Professional Engineer (P.Eng.).
    • Engineers are eligible for registration following graduation from an accredited educational program, and after three or four years of supervised work experience in engineering and passing a professional practice examination.

  • Additional information

    • Supervisory and senior positions in this unit group require experience.
    • Mining engineers work closely with geologists, geological engineers, metallurgical engineers, and other engineers and scientists, and mobility is possible between some fields of specialization.
    • Engineers often work in a multidisciplinary environment and acquire knowledge and skills through work experience that may allow them to practise in associated areas of science, engineering, sales, marketing or management.

21331 - Geological engineers

Geological engineers conduct geological and geotechnical studies to assess suitability of locations for civil engineering, mining and oil and gas projects; and plan, design, develop and supervise programs of geological data acquisition and analysis and the preparation of geological engineering reports and recommendations. They are employed in consulting engineering companies, electrical utilities, mining and petroleum companies and in government and research and educational institutions.

  • Illustrative example(s)

    • geological engineer
    • geophysical engineer
    • hydrogeological engineer - engineering

    All examples

  • Exclusion(s)

    • Civil engineers (See 21300 Civil engineers)
    • Engineering managers (See 20010 Engineering managers)
    • Geoscientists and oceanographers (See 21102 Geoscientists and oceanographers)
    • Land surveyors (See 21203 Land surveyors)
    • Mining engineers (See 21330 Mining engineers)
    • Petroleum engineers (See 21332 Petroleum engineers)

  • Main duties

    This group performs some or all of the following duties:

    • Plan, develop and coordinate programs of geotechnical, geological, geophysical or geohydrological data acquisition, analysis and mapping to assist in the development of civil engineering, mining, petroleum and waste management projects or for regional development
    • Analyze and prepare recommendations and reports for construction or improvements to foundations of civil engineering projects such as rock excavation, pressure grouting and hydraulic channel erosion control
    • Analyze and prepare recommendations and reports on settlement of buildings, stability of slopes and fills, and probable effects of landslides and earthquakes to support construction and civil engineering projects
    • Conduct theoretical and applied study of groundwater flow and contamination and develop prescriptions for site selection, treatment and construction
    • Plan, develop, coordinate and conduct theoretical and experimental studies in mining exploration, mine evaluation and feasibility studies relative to the mining industry
    • Conduct surveys and studies of ore deposits, ore reserve calculations and mine design
    • Design, develop and implement computer applications for geophysics, geochemistry, geology, mapping and related fields
    • Supervise technologists, technicians and other engineers and scientists.

  • Employment requirements

    • A bachelor's degree in geological engineering or in a related discipline is required.
    • A master's degree or doctorate in a related engineering discipline may be required.
    • Licensing by a provincial or territorial association of professional engineers is required to approve engineering drawings and reports and to practise as a Professional Engineer (P.Eng.).
    • Engineers are eligible for registration following graduation from an accredited educational program, three or four years of supervised work experience in engineering and passing a professional practice examination.

  • Additional information

    • There is considerable mobility between engineering specializations at the less senior levels.
    • Supervisory and senior positions in this unit group require experience.
    • Geological engineers work closely with geologists and other scientists and engineers, and mobility is possible between some fields of specialization.
    • Engineers often work in a multidisciplinary environment and acquire knowledge and skills through work experience that may allow them to practise in associated areas of science, engineering, sales, marketing or management.

21332 - Petroleum engineers

Petroleum engineers conduct studies for the exploration, development and extraction of oil and gas deposits; and plan, design, develop and supervise projects for the drilling, completion, testing and re-working of oil and gas wells. They are employed by petroleum producing companies, consulting companies, well logging or testing companies, government, and research and educational institutions.

  • Illustrative example(s)

    • oil and gas drilling engineer
    • oil and gas production engineer
    • petroleum engineer
    • petroleum reservoir engineer
    • petroleum well completion engineer
    • subsea engineer

    All examples

  • Exclusion(s)

    • Chemical engineers (See 21320 Chemical engineers)
    • Contractors and supervisors, oil and gas drilling and services (See 82021 Contractors and supervisors, oil and gas drilling and services)
    • Engineering managers (See 20010 Engineering managers)
    • Geological engineers (See 21331 Geological engineers)
    • Geoscientists and oceanographers (See 21102 Geoscientists and oceanographers)

  • Main duties

    This group performs some or all of the following duties:

    • Conduct feasibility assessment studies for developing new oil and gas fields
    • Direct and monitor oil and gas drilling operations
    • Develop drilling programs, select sites and specify drilling fluids, bit selection, drill stem testing procedures and equipment
    • Direct and monitor the completion and evaluation of wells, well testing and well surveys
    • Design and select artificial lift machinery, and well and surface production equipment and systems, and specify programs for corrosion control and oil or gas treatment
    • Develop specifications for and monitor and supervise well modification and stimulation programs to maximize oil and gas recovery
    • Analyze reservoir rock and fluid data to design optimum recovery methods and to predict reservoir performance and reserves
    • Monitor and forecast oil and gas reservoir performance and recommend oil recovery techniques which extend the economic life of wells
    • Design, develop and coordinate the installation, maintenance and operation of subsea well-head and production equipment.

    Petroleum engineers may specialize in drilling, production, reservoir analysis or subsea operations.

  • Employment requirements

    • A bachelor's degree in petroleum engineering or in a related engineering discipline is required.
    • A master's degree or doctorate in a related engineering discipline may be required.
    • Licensing by a provincial or territorial association of professional engineers is required to approve engineering drawings and reports and to practise as a Professional Engineer (P.Eng.).
    • Engineers are eligible for registration following graduation from an accredited educational program, and after three or four years of supervised work experience in engineering and passing a professional practice examination.

  • Additional information

    • There is mobility between petroleum engineering specializations at the less senior levels.
    • Supervisory and senior positions in this unit group require experience.
    • Engineers often work in a multidisciplinary environment and acquire knowledge and skills through work experience that may allow them to practise in associated areas of science, engineering, sales, marketing or management.

21390 - Aerospace engineers

Aerospace engineers research, design and develop aerospace vehicles, aerospace systems and their components, and perform duties related to their testing, evaluation, installation, operation and maintenance. They are employed by aircraft and spacecraft manufacturers, air transport carriers, and in government and educational and research institutions.

  • Illustrative example(s)

    • aerodynamics engineer
    • aeronautical engineer
    • aerospace engineer
    • aerospace structural engineer
    • aerospace systems engineer
    • aerospace test engineer
    • aircraft design engineer
    • stress engineer - aerospace

    All examples

  • Exclusion(s)

    • Aircraft maintenance engineer (AME) - avionics (See 22313 Aircraft instrument, electrical and avionics mechanics, technicians and inspectors)
    • Aircraft maintenance engineer (AME) (except avionics) (See 72404 Aircraft mechanics and aircraft inspectors)
    • Avionics engineer (See 21310 Electrical and electronics engineers)
    • Engineering managers (See 20010 Engineering managers)
    • Mechanical engineers (See 21301 Mechanical engineers)
    • Metallurgical and materials engineers (See 21322 Metallurgical and materials engineers)

  • Main duties

    This group performs some or all of the following duties:

    • Design and develop aerospace vehicles, systems and components such as aircraft, spacecraft, missiles, satellites and space-based communication systems
    • Develop and conduct computer simulations of aerospace vehicles, systems and components using advanced mathematical modelling
    • Prepare specifications for materials and processes to be used in aerospace manufacturing, maintenance, repair or modification
    • Supervise and coordinate the manufacturing, assembly, modification, repair and overhaul of aircraft and spacecraft
    • Co-ordinate ground and flight tests of air and spacecraft
    • Develop operational specifications, maintenance schedules and manuals for operators
    • Develop the technical phases of logistical and operational support for aerospace vehicles and systems
    • Investigate and report on structural or other component or system failures, accidents or incidents and prepare recommendations for corrective action.

  • Employment requirements

    • A bachelor's degree in aerospace engineering or in a related engineering discipline, such as mechanical engineering or engineering physics, is required.
    • A master's degree or doctorate in a related engineering discipline may be required.
    • Licensing by a provincial or territorial association of professional engineers is required to approve engineering drawings and reports and to practise as a Professional Engineer (P.Eng.).
    • Engineers are eligible for registration following graduation from an accredited educational program, and after three or four years of supervised work experience in engineering and passing a professional practice examination.

  • Additional information

    • There is considerable mobility between aerospace engineering specializations at the less senior levels.
    • Supervisory and senior positions in this unit group require experience.
    • Aerospace engineers work closely with other scientists and engineers and mobility is possible between some fields of specialization.
    • Engineers often work in a multidisciplinary environment and acquire knowledge and skills through work experience that may allow them to practise in associated areas of science, engineering, sales, marketing or management.

21399 - Other professional engineers

Other professional engineers include agricultural and bioresource engineers, biomedical engineers, engineering physicists and engineering scientists, marine and naval engineers, textile engineers and other specialized engineering occupations.

  • Illustrative example(s)

    • agricultural engineer
    • biomedical engineer
    • bioresource engineer
    • engineering physicist
    • engineering scientist
    • food processing engineer
    • marine engineer
    • naval architect
    • textile engineer

    All examples

  • Exclusion(s)

    • Biochemical and biotechnical engineer (See 21320 Chemical engineers)
    • Engineering managers (See 20010 Engineering managers)
    • Marine engineer officer - water transport (See 72603 Engineer officers, water transport)
    • Physicist (See 21100 Physicists and astronomers)

  • Main duties

    This group performs some or all of the following duties:

    Agricultural and bio-resource engineers

    • Design and develop machinery, structures, equipment and systems related to agriculture and food processing.

    Biomedical engineers

    • Design and develop medical diagnostic and clinical instrumentation, equipment and procedures; develop devices to assist persons with disabilities; advise hospital administrators on planning, acquisition and use of medical equipment; and modify and install or supervise installation of equipment.

    Engineering physicists and engineering scientists

    • Conduct research, develop processes, programs and equipment to expand fundamental knowledge in the applied sciences and engineering and to support advanced engineering and scientific applications.

    Marine and naval engineers

    • Design and develop marine vessels and floating structures and associated marine power plants, propulsion systems and related systems and equipment and oversee the building, maintenance and repair of vessels and marine systems.

    Textile engineers

    • Design and develop processes, equipment and procedures for the production of fibres, yarns and textiles.

  • Employment requirements

    • A bachelor's degree in an appropriate engineering discipline is required.
    • A master's degree or doctorate in a related engineering discipline may be required.
    • Licensing by a provincial or territorial association of professional engineers is required to approve engineering drawings and reports, and to practise as a Professional Engineer (P.Eng.).
    • Engineers are eligible for registration following graduation from an accredited educational program, and after three or four years of supervised work experience in engineering and passing a professional practice examination.

  • Additional information

    • There is limited mobility between the engineering specializations included in this unit group.
    • Supervisory and senior positions in this unit group require experience.
    • Engineers often work in a multidisciplinary environment and acquire knowledge and skills through work experience that may allow them to practise in associated areas of science, engineering, sales, marketing or management.

22300 - Civil engineering technologists and technicians

Civil engineering technologists and technicians provide technical support and services to scientists, engineers and other professionals, or may work independently in fields such as structural engineering, municipal engineering, construction design and supervision, highways and transportation engineering, water resources engineering, geotechnical engineering and environmental protection. They are employed by consulting engineering and construction companies, public works, transportation and other government departments and in many other industries.

  • Illustrative example(s)

    • bridge design technician
    • building materials technician
    • civil engineering technician
    • civil engineering technologist
    • construction specifications writer
    • construction technologist
    • foundation technologist
    • highway technician
    • municipal engineering assistant
    • soil technologist - civil engineering
    • structural design technologist
    • structural investigator

    All examples

  • Exclusion(s)

    • Architectural technologists and technicians (See 22210 Architectural technologists and technicians)
    • Construction estimators (See 22303 Construction estimators)
    • Construction inspectors (See 22233 Construction inspectors)
    • Construction managers (See 70010 Construction managers)
    • Drafting technologists and technicians (See 22212 Drafting technologists and technicians)
    • Land survey technologists and technicians (See 22213 Land survey technologists and technicians)
    • Urban and land use planners (See 21202 Urban and land use planners)

  • Main duties

    This group performs some or all of the following duties:

    Civil engineering technologists

    • Develop conventional and computer-assisted design (CAD) engineering designs and drawings from preliminary concepts and sketches
    • Prepare construction specifications, cost and material estimates, project schedules and reports
    • Supervise or conduct field surveys, inspections or technical investigations of topography, soils, drainage and water supply systems, road and highway systems, buildings and structures to provide data for engineering projects
    • Conduct or supervise inspection and testing of construction materials
    • May supervise, monitor and inspect construction projects.

    Civil engineering technicians

    • Assist in developing engineering specifications and drawings
    • Participate in field surveys, inspections or technical investigations of topography, soils, drainage and water supply systems, road and highway systems, buildings and structures to provide data for engineering projects
    • Perform other technical functions in support of civil engineering activities.

  • Employment requirements

    • Completion of a two- or three-year college program in civil engineering technology or a closely related discipline is usually required for civil engineering technologists.
    • Completion of a one- or two-year college program in civil engineering technology is usually required for civil engineering technicians.
    • Certification in civil engineering technology or in a related field is available through provincial associations of engineering/applied science technologists and technicians and may be required for some positions.
    • A period of supervised work experience, usually two years, is required before certification.
    • In Quebec, membership in the regulatory body for professional technologists is required to use the title "Professional Technologist."

  • Additional information

    • There is mobility to related occupations, such as drafting technologists and technicians and construction inspectors and estimators.
    • Progression to construction supervisors or construction managers is possible with experience.

22301 - Mechanical engineering technologists and technicians

Mechanical engineering technologists and technicians provide technical support and services or may work independently in mechanical engineering fields such as the design, development, maintenance and testing of machines, components, tools, heating and ventilating systems, geothermal power plants, power generation and power conversion plants, manufacturing plants and equipment. They are employed by consulting engineering, manufacturing and processing companies, institutions and government departments.

  • Illustrative example(s)

    • aeronautical technologist
    • heating designer
    • heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) technologist
    • machine designer
    • marine engineering technologist
    • mechanical engineering technician
    • mechanical engineering technologist
    • mechanical technologist
    • mould designer
    • thermal station technician
    • tool and die designer
    • tool designer

    All examples

  • Exclusion(s)

    • Drafting technologists and technicians (See 22212 Drafting technologists and technicians)
    • Industrial designers (See 22211 Industrial designers)
    • Managers in manufacturing and utilities(9001)
    • Technical sales specialists - wholesale trade (See 62100 Technical sales specialists - wholesale trade)

  • Main duties

    This group performs some or all of the following duties:

    Mechanical engineering technologists

    • Prepare and interpret conventional and computer-assisted design (CAD) engineering designs, drawings, and specifications for machines and components, power transmission systems, process piping, heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems
    • Prepare cost and material estimates, project schedules and reports
    • Conduct tests and analyses of machines, components and materials to determine their performance, strength, response to stress and other characteristics
    • Design moulds, tools, dies, jigs and fixtures for use in manufacturing processes
    • Inspect mechanical installations and construction
    • Prepare contract and tender documents
    • Supervise, monitor and inspect mechanical installations and construction projects
    • Prepare standards and schedules and supervise mechanical maintenance programs or operations of mechanical plants.

    Mechanical engineering technicians

    • Assist in preparing conventional and computer-assisted design (CAD) engineering designs, drawings and specifications
    • Carry out a limited range of mechanical tests and analyses of machines, components and materials
    • Assist in the design of moulds, tools, dies, jigs and fixtures for use in manufacturing processes
    • Assist in inspection of mechanical installations and construction projects
    • Participate in the installation, repair and maintenance of machinery and equipment.

  • Employment requirements

    • Completion of a two- or three-year college program in mechanical engineering technology is usually required for mechanical engineering technologists.
    • Completion of a one- or two-year college program in mechanical engineering technology is usually required for mechanical engineering technicians.
    • Certification in mechanical engineering technology or in a related field is available through provincial associations of engineering/applied science technologists and technicians and may be required for some positions.
    • A period of supervised work experience, usually two years, is required before certification.
    • In Quebec, membership in the regulatory body is required to use the title "Professional Technologist."

  • Additional information

    • There is mobility to other related occupations such as technical sales or drafting technologists and technicians.
    • Progression to supervisory occupations such as mechanical construction supervisor, manufacturing supervisor or operations maintenance manager is possible with experience.

22302 - Industrial engineering and manufacturing technologists and technicians

Industrial engineering and manufacturing technologists and technicians may work independently or provide technical support and services in the development of production methods, facilities and systems, and the planning, estimating, measuring and scheduling of work. They are employed by manufacturing and insurance companies, government departments, and establishments in other industries.

  • Illustrative example(s)

    • computer-assisted design/computer-assisted manufacturing (CAD/CAM) programmer
    • industrial engineering technician
    • industrial engineering technologist
    • loss prevention technologist - manufacturing
    • manufacturing technician
    • manufacturing technologist
    • planning technician
    • plastics manufacturing technician
    • pulp and paper manufacturing technologist
    • quality assurance technologist
    • scheduling technician - manufacturing
    • textile technologist
    • time study analyst

    All examples

  • Exclusion(s)

    • Chemical processing quality control technician (See 22100 Chemical technologists and technicians)
    • Chemical processing quality control technologist (See 22100 Chemical technologists and technicians)
    • Food processing quality control technician (See 22100 Chemical technologists and technicians)
    • Food processing quality control technologist (See 22100 Chemical technologists and technicians)
    • Machining, metal forming, shaping and erecting trades(7210)
    • Technical sales specialists - wholesale trade (See 62100 Technical sales specialists - wholesale trade)
    • Textile colour technologist (See 22100 Chemical technologists and technicians)
    • Textile dyeing technician (See 22100 Chemical technologists and technicians)

  • Main duties

    This group performs some or all of the following duties:

    Industrial engineering and manufacturing technologists

    • Develop and conduct production, inventory and quality assurance programs in manufacturing or in other industries
    • Design plant layouts and production facilities
    • Develop and carry out work study and related programs
    • Develop and carry out industrial health, safety and fire prevention plans and programs and conduct safety training programs
    • Develop applications using CAD/CAM (computer-assisted drafting, computer-assisted manufacturing) for the control of robots, computer numerical control (CNC) machines and other manufacturing processes and operations.

    Industrial engineering and manufacturing technicians

    • Assist in the design of plant layouts
    • Conduct work measurement or other studies
    • Collect and compile operational or experimental data and assist in the development of estimates, schedules, specifications and reports
    • Collect and analyze data and samples in support of quality assurance and industrial health and safety programs
    • Develop manufacturing and processing procedures and variables, set machine or equipment controls, oversee production and inspect processes.

    Technologists and technicians in this unit group may specialize in the development of production processes, quality assurance programs, plans and schedules in a particular industrial area such as metal fabrication, plastics, pulp and paper, or textile manufacturing.

  • Employment requirements

    • Completion of a two- or three-year college program or equivalent in industrial engineering technology, pulp and paper technology, plastics technology, textile technology, manufacturing technology or a related discipline is usually required for industrial engineering or manufacturing technologists.
    • Completion of a one- or two-year college program in industrial engineering technology or in a related discipline is usually required for industrial engineering or manufacturing technicians.
    • Certification in industrial engineering or manufacturing technology or in a related field is available through provincial or territorial associations of engineering/applied science technologists and technicians and may be required for some positions.
    • A period of supervised work experience, usually two years, is required before certification.
    • A college diploma in manufacturing technology and/or trade certification and experience in machining and tooling or metalworking is required for CAD-CAM/CNC programmers.
    • In Quebec, membership in the regulatory body is required to use the title "Professional Technologist."

  • Additional information

    • There is mobility to related fields such as technical sales.
    • Progression to managerial positions is possible with experience.

22310 - Electrical and electronics engineering technologists and technicians

Electrical and electronics engineering technologists and technicians may work independently or provide technical support and services in the design, development, testing, production and operation of electrical and electronic equipment and systems. They are employed by electrical utilities, communications companies, manufacturers of electrical and electronic equipment, consulting firms, and in governments and a wide range of manufacturing, processing and transportation industries.

  • Illustrative example(s)

    • communications technologist
    • electrical engineering technician
    • electrical engineering technologist
    • electricity distribution network technologist
    • electronics design technologist
    • electronics engineering technician
    • electronics engineering technologist
    • electronics manufacturing technician
    • electronics manufacturing technologist
    • lighting technologist
    • metering technologist
    • microwave maintenance technician
    • production support technician - electronics manufacturing

    All examples

  • Exclusion(s)

    • Aircraft instrument, electrical and avionics mechanics, technicians and inspectors (See 22313 Aircraft instrument, electrical and avionics mechanics, technicians and inspectors)
    • Electronic service technicians (household and business equipment) (See 22311 Electronic service technicians (household and business equipment))
    • Engineering managers (See 20010 Engineering managers)
    • Industrial instrument technicians and mechanics (See 22312 Industrial instrument technicians and mechanics)
    • Manufacturing managers (See 90010 Manufacturing managers)
    • Technical sales specialists - wholesale trade (See 62100 Technical sales specialists - wholesale trade)

  • Main duties

    This group performs some or all of the following duties:

    Electrical and electronics engineering technologists

    • Design, develop and test power equipment and systems, industrial process control systems, telecommunication, broadcast, recording and audiovisual systems, microelectronic systems and circuits, computers, computer systems and networks, and computer software
    • Supervise the building and testing of prototypes according to general instructions and established standards
    • Conduct or supervise the installation, commissioning, and operation of electrical and electronic equipment and systems other than aircraft electronics or instruments
    • Carry out applied research in fields of electrical and electronic engineering and physics under the direction of scientists or engineers
    • Set up and operate specialized and standard test equipment to diagnose, test and analyze the performance of electrical and electronic components, assemblies and systems
    • Write specifications, schedules and technical reports and control schedules and budgets.

    Electrical and electronics engineering technicians

    • Assist in the design, development and testing of electrical and electronic components, equipment, and systems
    • Assist in inspection, testing, adjusting and evaluation of incoming electrical, electro-mechanical and electronic components and assemblies to ensure conformance with product specifications and tolerances
    • Conduct life tests (burn-ins) on assemblies and record and analyze results
    • Assist in building and testing prototypes to specifications
    • Carry out a limited range of technical functions in support of research in electrical and electronic engineering and physics
    • Install, operate and maintain electrical and electronic equipment and systems
    • Calibrate electrical or electronic equipment and instruments according to technical manuals and written instructions
    • Collect and compile operational or experimental data and assist in the preparation of estimates, schedules, budgets, specifications and reports.

  • Employment requirements

    • Completion of a two- or three-year college program in electrical or electronics engineering technology, computer engineering technology, telecommunications technology or an equivalent is usually required for electrical or electronics engineering technologists.
    • Completion of a one- or two-year college program in electrical or electronics engineering technology is usually required for electrical or electronics engineering technicians.
    • Certification in electrical or electronics engineering technology or in a related field is available through provincial associations of engineering/applied science technologists and technicians and may be required for some positions.
    • A period of supervised work experience, usually two years, is required before certification.
    • In Quebec, membership in the regulatory body for professional technologists is required to use the title "Professional Technologist."

  • Additional information

    • There is mobility to other related occupations such as technical sales, electronics service technicians, instrument technicians and avionics technicians.
    • Progression to managerial positions in engineering, production or operations is possible with experience.
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