Business Payrolls Survey (BPS)
Detailed information for this survey
Status:
Active
Frequency:
Monthly
Record number:
2614
The Business Payrolls Survey (BPS) is the collection instrument for the Survey of Employment, Payrolls and Hours (SEPH) (record number 2612). The results of the BPS and administrative data are combined to produce the SEPH estimates.
For more information, please see record number 2612, Survey of Employment, Payrolls and Hours (SEPH) in the Documentation section below.
Data release - The information is included in record number 2612.
- Questionnaire(s) and reporting guide(s)
- Description
- Data sources and methodology
- Data accuracy
- Documentation
Description
The Survey of Employment, Payrolls and Hours (SEPH) provides a monthly portrait of the amount of earnings, as well as the number of jobs (i.e., occupied positions) and hours worked by detailed industry at the national, provincial and territorial levels.
SEPH data provide the principal input to labour income estimates; they also serve as a proxy output measure for about 15% of real gross domestic product and 'nominal' gross domestic product. SEPH data are also used by the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA), to revise the maximum pensionable earnings and retirement savings plan contribution limits, and by the private sector, for contract escalations and wage rate determinations.
Monthly survey estimates are produced by a combination of a census of payroll deductions, provided by the CRA, and the Business Payrolls Survey (BPS), which collects data from a sample of 15,000 businesses.
SEPH has started integration as part of Statistics Canada's Integrated Business Statistics Program (IBSP) to provide a more efficient model for producing economic statistics. The program changes ensure that SEPH will continue to produce a consistent and coherent set of economic statistics while using a standardized approach for economic surveys conducted at Statistics Canada through the IBSP. With the initial integration to the IBSP, concepts and questionnaire content have been harmonized, and common processing methodologies have been adopted.
Subjects
- Employment and unemployment
- Hours of work and work arrangements
- Industries
- Labour
- Wages, salaries and other earnings
Data sources and methodology
Target population
The program's target population is composed of all businesses in Canada that have at least one employee and, thus issued at least one payroll deduction remittance during the reference month. Excluded are businesses that are primarily involved in agriculture, fishing and trapping, private household services, religious organizations, international and other extraterritorial public administration and military personnel of defence services.
Instrument design
The electronic questionnaires (education and non-education versions) were last revised in 2019. At the same time, the paper questionnaires were eliminated. Testing was conducted by the Questionnaire Design Resource Centre with respondents. The electronic questionnaire was prescribed, according to Section 7 of the Statistics Act, and approved by the Chief Statistician. Data collection for the Business Payrolls Survey is fully integrated into the Business Collection Portal of Statistics Canada.
Sampling
The Business Payrolls Survey uses a stratified simple random sample of 15,000 establishments.
Data sources
Collection: Computer assisted telephone interview, electronic questionnaire captured in the Integrated Collection and Operation System Business Collection Portal, and electronic file transfer.
Follow-up: Computer assisted telephone interview.
Collection in English and in French are available.
Time required to complete the questionnaire: approximately 10 minutes.
View the Questionnaire(s) and reporting guide(s).
Error detection
Both manual and automated editing procedures are employed to detect and correct problematic data provided by the respondent on the Business Payrolls Survey questionnaire. Historical edits are performed at the data collection stage.
Imputation
For the Business Payrolls Survey portion, imputation methods have been adapted to the new methodology using the Integrated Business Statistics Program (IBSP). In the IBSP model, missing data as well as problematic data provided by the respondent are imputed taking full advantage of the availability of administrative and historical data.
Estimation
The estimation of population characteristics from a survey is based on the premise that each sampled unit represents, in addition to itself, a certain number of units in the population that were not selected into the sample. A basic survey weight is attached to each record to indicate the number of units in the population that are represented by that unit in the sample.
To improve the reliability of estimates, the basic Business Payrolls Survey (BPS) weights are calibrated to ensure that estimates of total monthly payroll employment and monthly payrolls respect estimates from the Canada Revenue Agency administrative data files (PD7 - Statement of account for current source deductions).
The calibration is done using a generalized regression estimator. The model groups are mostly defined at the national and sub-sector levels (i.e., three-digit North American Industry Classification System [NAICS] code or, in a few instances, four-digit code); in a few cases, the enterprise size (employment) and the provincial dimensions are used. Regression coefficients, calculated at the model group level, are applied to the estimates of total employment and payrolls from the administrative files to estimate the additional variables.
The information obtained from the BPS is used to estimate the weekly component of the gross monthly payrolls, the total number of paid hours (regular hours and overtime) and the allocation of hours, earnings and employment for three categories of employees: salaried, paid by the hour and others, such as commission workers.
Non-farm payroll employment data are for all hourly and salaried employees, as well as the 'other employees' category, which includes piece-rate and commission-only employees.
Average weekly hours data are for hourly and salaried employees only. They exclude businesses that could not be classified to a NAICS code by the time monthly processing was completed.
All earnings data include overtime pay, and exclude businesses that could not be classified to a NAICS code. Earnings data are based on gross taxable payroll before source deductions.
Average weekly earnings are derived by dividing total weekly earnings by the total number of employees.
Quality evaluation
Data collection for the Business Payrolls Survey (BPS) is monitored for changes in response rates and failed edit rates.
Coefficients of variation (CV) are analyzed every month to identify the domains having the least accurate estimates. Sampling fractions are adjusted occasionally, to obtain comparable CVs across domains.
A micro-match is performed every month to compare the BPS data with the administrative source data for employment and payrolls. Large differences are looked at and corrected if necessary.
Prior to the release, comparisons with independent sources such as the Labour Force Survey are performed.
Disclosure control
Statistics Canada is prohibited by law from releasing any information it collects that could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent or as permitted by the Statistics Act. Various confidentiality rules are applied to all data that are released or published to prevent the publication or disclosure of any information deemed confidential. If necessary, data are suppressed to prevent direct or residual disclosure of identifiable data.
G-Confid software is used to control disclosure of the data.
The results of the Survey of Employment, Payrolls and Hours (SEPH) are reviewed using the appropriate security measures complying with the Statistics Act to assure the safeguarding of the respondent's information and to ensure that no enterprise may be identified through the release of the SEPH estimates.
Revisions and seasonal adjustment
With each release, data are revised for the previous month to take into account late remitters or additional information from Business Payrolls Survey respondents. Users are encouraged to request and use the most up-to-date data for each month.
Each year, additional revision processes are done at the same time as the December monthly revision:
- Seasonally adjusted data are revised back three years.
- Annual revisions to fine-tune some estimates of the previous 12 months.
- Occasionally, historical revisions are done to introduce changes related to concepts, new data sources, revised industrial or geographical classifications, as well as methodology.
Data accuracy
For the Business Payrolls Survey (BPS) portion of the survey, response rates are produced every month. The total response rate for Canada as a whole usually varies between 80% and 90%.
Every month, Survey of Employment, Payrolls and Hours (SEPH) coefficients of variation (CV) are produced for all variables and every domain. These CVs take into account the sampling variance coming from the BPS as well as the variance due to imputation of the administrative source data.
The CVs are usually very low - less than 5% - for the administrative data component of SEPH (e.g., monthly number of employees and gross payroll). The coefficients are higher for those associated with the BPS (e.g., average weekly earnings, average weekly hours). Quality indicators are included in the CANSIM tables for both surveys data published regularly by Statistics Canada.
Documentation
- Survey of Employment, Payrolls and Hours (SEPH)
- Date modified: