North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Canada 2017 Version 2.0

31-33 - Manufacturing

This sector comprises establishments primarily engaged in the chemical, mechanical or physical transformation of materials or substances into new products. These products may be finished, in the sense that they are ready to be used or consumed, or semi-finished, in the sense of becoming a raw material for an establishment to use in further manufacturing. Related activities, such as the assembly of the component parts of manufactured goods; the blending of materials; and the finishing of manufactured products by dyeing, heat-treating, plating and similar operations are also treated as manufacturing activities. Manufacturing establishments are known by a variety of trade designations, such as plants, factories or mills.

Manufacturing establishments may own the materials which they transform or they may transform materials owned by other establishments. Manufacturing may take place in factories or in workers' homes, using either machinery or hand tools.

Units that completely outsource the transformation process but own the input materials are classified to the manufacturing sector. Units that completely outsource the transformation process but do not own the materials are classified to merchant wholesalers in Sector 41 Wholesale trade. These units are in fact buying the completed goods from the producer with the intention to resell it. These units may design the goods being manufactured, and may have some say in the manufacturing process.

Certain activities involving the transformation of goods are classified in other sectors. Some examples are post-harvest activities of agricultural establishments, such as crop drying; logging; the beneficiating of mineral ores; the production of structures by construction establishments; and various activities conducted by retailers, such as meat cutting and the assembly of products such as bicycles and computers.

Sales branches or offices (but not retail stores) maintained by manufacturing, refining, or mining enterprises apart from their plants or mines for the purpose of marketing their products are included in Sector 41 Wholesale trade as merchant wholesalers.

311 - Food manufacturing

This subsector comprises establishments primarily engaged in producing food for human or animal consumption.

• Exclusion(s)

  • manufacturing beverages or tobacco (See 312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing)

3119 - Other food manufacturing

This industry group comprises establishments, not classified to any other industry group, primarily engaged in manufacturing food.

31199 - All other food manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments, not classified to any other industry, primarily engaged in manufacturing food. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing and packaging for individual resale, perishable prepared foods such as salads, fresh pizza, fresh pasta, and peeled or cut vegetables, are included.

311990 - All other food manufacturing^CAN

This Canadian industry comprises establishments, not classified to any other Canadian industry, primarily engaged in manufacturing food.

• Illustrative example(s)

  • baking powder and yeast, manufacturing
  • drink powder mixes (except chocolate, coffee, milk-based, tea), manufacturing
  • egg substitutes, manufacturing
  • fresh pasta, manufacturing
  • pasta mixes, made from purchased dried ingredients (e.g., linguine with dried broccoli mix)
  • pizza, fresh, manufacturing
  • potato or rice mixes, made from purchased dried ingredients
  • prepared meals, perishable, packaged for individual resale
  • sandwiches, fresh (i.e., assembled and packaged for the wholesale market), manufacturing
  • soup mixes, dry, made from purchased dry ingredients
  • table syrups, artificially flavoured, manufacturing
  • vegetables, fresh (i.e., cut, peeled, polished or sliced), manufacturing

  All examples

• Inclusion(s)

  • manufacturing and packaging for individual resale, perishable prepared foods such as salads, fresh pizza, fresh pasta and peeled or cut vegetables

• Exclusion(s)

  • canning pickled and dried fruit and vegetable pie filling (See 311420 Fruit and vegetable canning, pickling and drying)
  • corn syrup, made by wet-milling corn (See 311221 Wet corn milling)
  • croutons and bread crumbs, made in commercial bakeries (See 311814 Commercial bakeries and frozen bakery product manufacturing)
  • manufacturing chocolate and milk based drink powder mixes (See 311515 Butter, cheese, and dry and condensed dairy product manufacturing)
  • manufacturing coffee and tea concentrates (i.e., instant coffee) (See 311920 Coffee and tea manufacturing)
  • manufacturing corn confections (e.g., popcorn balls, candy-coated popcorn products) (See 311340 Non-chocolate confectionery manufacturing)
  • manufacturing dry mixes (e.g., gravy, salad dressing, sauce) (See 311940 Seasoning and dressing manufacturing)
  • manufacturing meat pie filling (See 311614 Rendering and meat processing from carcasses)
  • manufacturing popped popcorn (except candy-covered) (See 311919 Other snack food manufacturing)
  • manufacturing poultry pie filling (See 311615 Poultry processing)
  • manufacturing seafood pie filling (See 311710 Seafood product preparation and packaging)
  • manufacturing tofu frozen desserts (See 311520 Ice cream and frozen dessert manufacturing)
  • maple syrup and products production (See 111994 Maple syrup and products production)