North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Canada 2017 Version 2.0

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31-33 - Manufacturing

This sector comprises establishments primarily engaged in the chemical, mechanical or physical transformation of materials or substances into new products. These products may be finished, in the sense that they are ready to be used or consumed, or semi-finished, in the sense of becoming a raw material for an establishment to use in further manufacturing. Related activities, such as the assembly of the component parts of manufactured goods; the blending of materials; and the finishing of manufactured products by dyeing, heat-treating, plating and similar operations are also treated as manufacturing activities. Manufacturing establishments are known by a variety of trade designations, such as plants, factories or mills.

Manufacturing establishments may own the materials which they transform or they may transform materials owned by other establishments. Manufacturing may take place in factories or in workers' homes, using either machinery or hand tools.

Units that completely outsource the transformation process but own the input materials are classified to the manufacturing sector. Units that completely outsource the transformation process but do not own the materials are classified to merchant wholesalers in Sector 41 Wholesale trade. These units are in fact buying the completed goods from the producer with the intention to resell it. These units may design the goods being manufactured, and may have some say in the manufacturing process.

Certain activities involving the transformation of goods are classified in other sectors. Some examples are post-harvest activities of agricultural establishments, such as crop drying; logging; the beneficiating of mineral ores; the production of structures by construction establishments; and various activities conducted by retailers, such as meat cutting and the assembly of products such as bicycles and computers.

Sales branches or offices (but not retail stores) maintained by manufacturing, refining, or mining enterprises apart from their plants or mines for the purpose of marketing their products are included in Sector 41 Wholesale trade as merchant wholesalers.

311 - Food manufacturing

This subsector comprises establishments primarily engaged in producing food for human or animal consumption.

  • Exclusion(s)

    • manufacturing beverages or tobacco (See 312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing)

3119 - Other food manufacturing

This industry group comprises establishments, not classified to any other industry group, primarily engaged in manufacturing food.

31191 - Snack food manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in salting, roasting, drying, cooking or canning nuts; processing grains or seeds into snacks; manufacturing peanut butter; or manufacturing potato chips, corn chips, popped popcorn, hard pretzels, pork rinds and similar snacks.

  • Exclusion(s)

    • manufacturing candy-coated nuts and candy-covered popcorn (See 311340 Non-chocolate confectionery manufacturing)
    • manufacturing chocolate-coated nuts from cacao beans (See 311351 Chocolate and chocolate confectionery manufacturing from cacao beans)
    • manufacturing chocolate-coated nuts from purchased chocolate (See 311352 Confectionery manufacturing from purchased chocolate)
    • manufacturing corn for popping (See 311990 All other food manufacturing)
311911 - Roasted nut and peanut butter manufacturingUS

This Canadian industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in salting, roasting, drying, cooking or canning nuts; processing grains or seeds into snacks; or manufacturing peanut butter.

    All examples

  • Exclusion(s)

    • manufacturing candy-coated nuts (See 311340 Non-chocolate confectionery manufacturing)
    • manufacturing chocolate-coated nuts from cacao beans (See 311351 Chocolate and chocolate confectionery manufacturing from cacao beans)
    • manufacturing chocolate-coated nuts from purchased chocolate (See 311352 Confectionery manufacturing from purchased chocolate)
311919 - Other snack food manufacturingUS

This Canadian industry comprises establishments, not classified to any other Canadian industry, primarily engaged in manufacturing snack foods.

  • Illustrative example(s)

    • non-baked snack foods (e.g., corn chips, tortilla chips, pretzels), manufacturing
    • popcorn, popped (except candy-covered), manufacturing
    • potato chips and sticks, manufacturing
    • snack food (e.g., cheese curls or puffs, pork rinds), manufacturing

    All examples

  • Exclusion(s)

    • manufacturing candy-covered popcorn (See 311340 Non-chocolate confectionery manufacturing)
    • manufacturing cookies and crackers (See 311821 Cookie and cracker manufacturing)
    • manufacturing corn for popping (See 311990 All other food manufacturing)
    • salting, roasting, drying, cooking or canning nuts and seeds (See 311911 Roasted nut and peanut butter manufacturing)
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