Variant of NAICS 1997 - Labour Force Survey (LFS) Industries

1 - Goods-Producing Sector

6 - Manufacturing

31-33 - Manufacturing

This sector comprises establishments primarily engaged in the physical or chemical transformation of materials or substances into new products. These products may be finished, in the sense that they are ready to be used or consumed, or semi-finished, in the sense of becoming a raw material for an establishment to use in further manufacturing. Related activities, such as the assembly of the component parts of manufactured goods; the blending of materials; and the finishing of manufactured products by dyeing, heat-treating, plating and similar operations are also treated as manufacturing activities. Manufacturing establishments are known by a variety of trade designations, such as plants, factories or mills.

Manufacturing establishments may own the materials which they transform or they may transform materials owned by other establishments. Manufacturing may take place in factories or in workers' homes, using either machinery or hand tools.

Certain activities involving the transformation of goods are classified in other sectors. Some examples are post-harvest activities of agricultural establishments, such as crop drying; logging; the beneficiating of mineral ores; the production of structures by construction establishments; and various activities conducted by retailers, such as meat cutting and the assembly of products such as bicycles and computers.

322 - Paper Manufacturing

This subsector comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing pulp, paper and paper products. The manufacture of pulp involves separating the cellulose fibres from other impurities in wood, used paper or other fibre sources. The manufacture of paper involves matting these fibres into a sheet. Converted paper products are produced from paper and other materials by various cutting and shaping techniques.

3221 - Pulp, Paper and Paperboard Mills

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing pulp, paper or paperboard. Establishments that manufacture pulp, paper or paperboard, either alone or in combination with paper converting, are included.

• Exclusion(s):

  Establishments primarily engaged in:

  • manufacturing paper or paperboard products from purchased paper or paperboard (See 3222 Converted Paper Product Manufacturing)

32211 - Pulp Mills

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing pulp from any material, by any process. These establishments sell or transfer the pulp to separate paper-making establishments; they do not make it into paper themselves. Establishments that process waste paper into pulp ("de-inking plants") are included.

• Exclusion(s):

  Establishments primarily engaged in:

  • manufacturing pulp and making paper (See 32212 Paper Mills)
  • manufacturing pulp and making paperboard (See 32213 Paperboard Mills)

322111 - Mechanical Pulp Mills

This Canadian industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing pulp from any material, using mechanical or semi-chemical methods. Some important products of this Canadian industry are mechanical pulp (sometimes called "groundwood" pulp), thermo-mechanical pulp (TMP) and semi-chemical pulp.

• Exclusion(s):

  Establishments primarily engaged in:

  • manufacturing pulp and making paper, except newsprint (See 322121 Paper (except Newsprint) Mills)
  • manufacturing pulp and making newsprint (See 322122 Newsprint Mills)
  • manufacturing pulp and making paperboard (See 322130 Paperboard Mills)

• Example Activities:

  • Groundwood pulp, manufacturing
  • Mechanical wood pulp, manufacturing
  • Pulp mills, mechanical or semi-chemical, not making paper or paperboard
  • Semi-chemical wood pulp, manufacturing
  • Thermo-mechanical wood pulp (TMP), manufacturing
  • Wood pulp, mechanical or semi-chemical, manufacturing

322112 - Chemical Pulp Mills

This Canadian industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing pulp from any material, using chemical methods. "Kraft" pulp is chemical pulp obtained from the sulphate or soda processes. Establishments that process waste paper into pulp are included.

• Exclusion(s):

  Establishments primarily engaged in:

  • manufacturing pulp and making paper, except newsprint (See 322121 Paper (except Newsprint) Mills)
  • manufacturing pulp and making newsprint (See 322122 Newsprint Mills)
  • manufacturing pulp and making paperboard (See 322130 Paperboard Mills)

• Example Activities:

  • Chemical wood pulp, manufacturing
  • De-inking recovered paper
  • Pulp mills, chemical, not making paper or paperboard
  • Recycling paper (i.e., making pulp from waste and scrap paper)
  • Wood pulp, chemical, manufacturing