Variant of NAICS 1997 - Goods and services

• 41-91 - Services
• 51 - Information and Cultural Industries

511 - Publishing Industries

This subsector comprises establishments primarily engaged in publishing newspapers, periodicals, books, databases, software and other works. These works are characterized by the intellectual creativity required in their development and are usually protected by copyright. Publishers distribute, or arrange for the distribution of, these works.

Publishing establishments may create the works in-house, or contract for, purchase, or compile works that were originally created by others. These works may be published in one or more formats, such as print, electronic and on-line. Publishers of "multimedia" products, such as interactive children's books, multimedia CD-ROM reference books, and musical greeting cards are also included. Establishments in this subsector may print, reproduce or offer direct on-line access to the works themselves or they may arrange with others to carry out such functions.