North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Canada 2012

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31-33 - Manufacturing

This sector comprises establishments primarily engaged in the chemical, mechanical or physical transformation of materials or substances into new products. These products may be finished, in the sense that they are ready to be used or consumed, or semi-finished, in the sense of becoming a raw material for an establishment to use in further manufacturing. Related activities, such as the assembly of the component parts of manufactured goods; the blending of materials; and the finishing of manufactured products by dyeing, heat-treating, plating and similar operations are also treated as manufacturing activities. Manufacturing establishments are known by a variety of trade designations, such as plants, factories or mills.

Manufacturing establishments may own the materials which they transform or they may transform materials owned by other establishments. Manufacturing may take place in factories or in workers' homes, using either machinery or hand tools.

Factoryless goods producers (FGPs) that completely outsource the transformation process but own the input materials are classified to the manufacturing sector. FGPs that completely outsource the transformation process but do not own the materials are classified to merchant wholesalers in Sector 41 Wholesale trade. These units are in fact buying the completed goods from the producer with the intention to resell it. These units may design the goods being manufactured, and may have some say in the manufacturing process.

Certain activities involving the transformation of goods are classified in other sectors. Some examples are post-harvest activities of agricultural establishments, such as crop drying; logging; the beneficiating of mineral ores; the production of structures by construction establishments; and various activities conducted by retailers, such as meat cutting and the assembly of products such as bicycles and computers.

Sales branches or offices (but not retail stores) maintained by manufacturing, refining, or mining enterprises apart from their plants or mines for the purpose of marketing their products are included in Sector 41 Wholesale trade as merchant wholesalers.

311 - Food manufacturing

This subsector comprises establishments primarily engaged in producing food for human or animal consumption.

  • Exclusion(s)

    • manufacturing beverages or tobacco (See 312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing)

3114 - Fruit and vegetable preserving and specialty food manufacturing

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing frozen fruits and vegetables; frozen entrées and side dishes of several ingredients, except seafood; and fruits and vegetables preserved by pickling, canning, dehydrating and similar processes.

31142 - Fruit and vegetable canning, pickling and drying

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in preserving fruits and vegetables by canning, pickling, brining and dehydrating (including freeze-drying). Canning uses heat sterilization; pickling uses vinegar solutions and brining uses salt solutions. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing mixtures of dried ingredients, such as soup mixes and salad dressing mixes, are included provided they dehydrate at least one of the ingredients.

311420 - Fruit and vegetable canning, pickling and dryingCAN

This Canadian industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in preserving fruits and vegetables by canning, pickling, brining and dehydrating (including freeze-drying). Canning uses heat sterilization; pickling uses vinegar solutions and brining uses salt solutions. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing mixtures of dried ingredients, such as soup mixes and salad dressing mixes, are included provided they dehydrate at least one of the ingredients.

  • Illustrative example(s)

    • baby foods (including meats), canning
    • bouillon, made in dehydration plants
    • canned fruit and vegetable juices (fresh or concentrates), manufacturing
    • canning soups (except seafood)
    • canning vegetables (e.g., corn, beets, asparagus, artichokes, carrots, peas, tomatoes, mushrooms, potatoes)
    • dehydrating (except sun drying) fruits and vegetables (e.g., dates, olives, prunes, raisins)
    • juice, fruit or vegetable, fresh, manufacturing
    • ketchup, manufacturing
    • pork and beans, canning
    • preserves, jams and jellies (jelly), manufacturing
    • sauce mixes, dry, made in dehydration plants
    • soup mixes, made in dehydration plants

    All examples

  • Exclusion(s)

    • mixing purchased dehydrated potatoes, rice, pasta and other ingredients; canning or dehydrating eggs; or canning puddings (See 311990 All other food manufacturing)
    • manufacturing fruit-flavoured drinks (See 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing)
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