North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Canada 2017 Version 3.0

31-33 - Manufacturing

This sector comprises establishments primarily engaged in the chemical, mechanical or physical transformation of materials or substances into new products. These products may be finished, in the sense that they are ready to be used or consumed, or semi-finished, in the sense of becoming a raw material for an establishment to use in further manufacturing. Related activities, such as the assembly of the component parts of manufactured goods; the blending of materials; and the finishing of manufactured products by dyeing, heat-treating, plating and similar operations are also treated as manufacturing activities. Manufacturing establishments are known by a variety of trade designations, such as plants, factories or mills.

Manufacturing establishments may own the materials which they transform or they may transform materials owned by other establishments. Manufacturing may take place in factories or in workers' homes, using either machinery or hand tools.

Units that completely outsource the transformation process but own the input materials are classified to the manufacturing sector. Units that completely outsource the transformation process but do not own the materials are classified to merchant wholesalers in Sector 41 Wholesale trade. These units are in fact buying the completed goods from the producer with the intention to resell it. These units may design the goods being manufactured, and may have some say in the manufacturing process.

Certain activities involving the transformation of goods are classified in other sectors. Some examples are post-harvest activities of agricultural establishments, such as crop drying; logging; the beneficiating of mineral ores; the production of structures by construction establishments; and various activities conducted by retailers, such as meat cutting and the assembly of products such as bicycles and computers.

Sales branches or offices (but not retail stores) maintained by manufacturing, refining, or mining enterprises apart from their plants or mines for the purpose of marketing their products are included in Sector 41 Wholesale trade as merchant wholesalers.

311 - Food manufacturing

This subsector comprises establishments primarily engaged in producing food for human or animal consumption.

• Exclusion(s)

  • manufacturing beverages or tobacco (See 312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing)

3112 - Grain and oilseed milling

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in milling grains and oilseeds; refining and blending fats and oils; and making breakfast cereal products.

• Exclusion(s)

  • milling grain to make animal feed (See 3111 Animal food manufacturing)

31121 - Flour milling and malt manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in grinding grains or vegetables; milling, cleaning and polishing rice; or manufacturing malt. Integrated mills, which grind grain and further process the milling products into such products as prepared flour mixes or doughs, are included.

• Exclusion(s)

  • brewing malt beverages (See 312120 Breweries)
  • crushing oilseeds or wet-milling corn (See 31122 Starch and vegetable fat and oil manufacturing)
  • manufacturing prepared flour mixes or doughs from purchased flour (See 31182 Cookie, cracker and pasta manufacturing)
  • milling grain to make animal feed (See 31111 Animal food manufacturing)
  • milling grain to make breakfast cereals (See 31123 Breakfast cereal manufacturing)
  • mixing purchased rice with other dried ingredients (See 311990 All other food manufacturing)

31122 - Starch and vegetable fat and oil manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in wet-milling corn and vegetables; crushing oilseeds and tree nuts and extracting oils; or processing or blending purchased fats and oils.

• Exclusion(s)

  • grinding flour and edible meal from grains and vegetables (See 31121 Flour milling and malt manufacturing)
  • manufacturing butter (See 311515 Butter, cheese, and dry and condensed dairy product manufacturing)
  • manufacturing ethyl alcohol by the wet-mill process (See 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing)
  • manufacturing lard (See 31161 Animal slaughtering and processing)
  • manufacturing table syrups from corn syrup, and starch-based dessert powders (See 311990 All other food manufacturing)
  • processing marine fats and oils (See 311710 Seafood product preparation and packaging)

31123 - Breakfast cereal manufacturing

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing breakfast cereal foods.