Gross Domestic Expenditures on Research and Development (GERD)

Research and development expenditure of economy, proportion

Research and development expenditure refers to intramural research and development (R&D) expenditures (i.e., expenditures performed within the reporting unit). Both current costs and capital expenditures are measured. In the case of the government sector, expenditures refer to direct (i.e., those expenditures on pure R&D such as expenditures of a research lab) rather than indirect expenditures (i.e., those expenditures that support the R&D activity such as transportation, storage, cleaning, repair, and security). Depreciation is excluded.

Economy refers to the entire set of resident institutional units. It is divided into sectors that consists of groups of resident institutional units. An institutional unit is resident in a country when it has a centre of economic interest in the economic territory of that country. It is said to have a centre of economic interest when there exists some location - dwelling, place of production or other premises - within the economic territory on, or from, which it engages, and intends to continue to engage, in economic activities and transactions on a significant scale either indefinitely or over a finite period of time.

The data for this variable are reported using the following measurements:

• Percentage
• Percentage of GDP